Article 18 - Advanced Player Payment Options - 1629 Words

Article 18 – Advanced player payment options In the world of online casino gaming it is all about the money. How you bet it, how you win it, and most importantly how you manage it, money is simply what the online casino industry is all about. There is an old saying, if you look after the pennies the pounds will look after themselves, which really stands true when you choose to wager online. Understanding the importance of bankroll management, online casinos have recently raised the stakes when it comes to payment options. Players can now choose between various options, so pay attention to this guide and take into account all their advantages and disadvantages. Before we look at the more technologically advanced payment options, we must†¦show more content†¦Withdrawal times were notorious for being slow and would hamper many players when it comes to getting hold of their money. The above has looked at the basic methods available to you, but thankfully for advanced players the industry has moved forward in the money management stakes. When it first launched, the ewallet concept was deemed to be nothing more than a gimmick. However, history has shown that such is anything but the case. Ewallets now dominate not only the world of ecommerce, but also the word of online casino gaming. Logon to any reputable platform and you’ll see that they accept ewallet payments in one form or another and there is a reason for that. Ewallets put the power back into the players, allowing you to exhibit increased anonymity when it comes to your money. No longer do you need to hand over private bank or card information in order to deposit, with an ewallet all you need is an email address and you’re good to go. Do you still like the feeling of cold hard cash in your hand? Then don’t worry, as plastic isn’t dead quite yet. Pre-pay cards have brought the card concept into the 21st century, by allowing players to have tighter control over how they spend their money. With a pre-pay card you can top it up and withdraw cash as you wish without every having to interact the online casino directly. While popularized in the world of sportsbook, it is slowly making its way into the world of online casino gaming. Online

Similarities and Differences Between the Juvenile Justice...

Running Head: JUVENILE V. CRIMINAL 1 Juvenile Justice System V. Criminal Justice System Ronda Cauchon CJ150-01 Professor Abreu Kaplan University October 9, 2012 JUVENILE V CRIMINAL 2 Juvenile Justice System V. Criminal Justice System In the earliest of times, juvenile offenders were treated the same as adult offenders. They were arrested, placed in custody, tried, as well as, imprisoned in the same facilities that housed adult offenders. Punishment was the primary goal when it came to the handling of either of these offenders, now†¦show more content†¦Juveniles involved in less serious crimes JUVENILE V CRIMINAL 3 such as shoplifting and runaways, have been diverted from court action. Court proceedings for juveniles as well as the records are sealed and not available to the public, while adult criminal proceedings and records are deemed public. Officers also deal with juvenile and adult offenders differently. They have several options when dealing with a juvenile offender; they may release the juvenile with a simple warning, they may also release the juvenile and file a report on the contact they had with them, they have the option to take the juvenile to the police station and make referrals to outside programs like youth services, they may also refer the juvenile to juvenile court intake either with or without detention. In dealing with adult criminal cases the options of officers pale in comparison, they offender is either arrested or released with a warning. Once in custo dy of the police, juvenile are generally released to the custody of their parent or guardians and adult offenders are offered the opportunity to pay bail. Parents in juvenile proceeding have a greater involvement in the trial process where in the adult process; parentalShow MoreRelatedJuvenile And Juvenile Justice System752 Words   |  4 PagesThe juvenile justice system and criminal justice system also known as the adult justice system is two different systems. The juvenile justice system is children who are under the age of 18 years old. After the age of 18, it is considered to be an adult it will enter through the adult justice system. There ate states that allows youth to stay in the juvenile justice system from age 18 until 21. The main differences between the juvenile justice system and criminal justice system is rehabilitation andRead MoreJuvenile vs Adult Justice System Essay989 Words   |  4 PagesAdult Justice v Juvenile Justice System There is no question that if a person is involved in any type of crime they will at some time make their way through the justice system. However, when that person is an adolescent they will go through the juvenile justice system, as an adult would go through the adult justice system. Even though the crimes of each can be of the same manner or hold the same severity the punishment results can differ. The main reason for having the two different justiceRead MoreEssay on Adult Justice System vs. Juvenile Justice System1145 Words   |  5 PagesAdult Justice System vs. Juvenile Justice System Versus CJ150: Juvenile Delinquency Josh Skaggs There are many similarities and differences between the adult and juvenile justice systems. Although juvenile crimes have increased in violence and intensity in the last decade, there is still enough difference between the two legal proceedings, and the behaviors themselves, to keep the systems separated. There is room for changes in each structure. However, we cannot treat/punish juvenileRead MoreJuvenile Vs Juvenile915 Words   |  4 PagesJuvenile v. Adult Corrections Juvenile delinquents use to not face police or a correction system, only the fear and punishment of their families. However, as the juvenile delinquents aged they were faced with harsher punishments, but it was not until the 1800s reformers started looking for ways to teach values and built asylum and training schools. Then the concept of parens patriae occurred to establish the right to intervene in a child’s life when there were issues (Siegel, 2016). The next majorRead MoreCrime And Juvenile And Adult Crimes1019 Words   |  5 PagesIn today’s criminal justice system in the United States, there is a lot of dispute between what the qualifications are for juvenile and adult crimes. Some believe that the only difference is age. Others say it is the severity of the crime. It’s obvious that when adults commit crimes, whether they are a misdemeanor offense or a felony, they pay for it. The confliction comes when a juvenile commits a crime. What exactly determines if they are tried as an adult or a juvenile? Does it vary by state-to-stateRead MoreJuvenile Justice System And Adult Justice Systems1589 Words   |  7 Pagesbe discussing both the juvenile and the adult justice systems. There are several differences between the two systems, which may surprise you. I will be discussing many aspects within the justice systems. These include Terminology, Due Process rights, the process of Arrest to Corrections, Juvenile crime compared to Adult crime, age limits and waivers for the adult system and the different community correctional options, which are available to the offenders. The two systems share many of the same termsRead MoreJuvenile Justice And Criminal Justice1368 Words   |  6 Pages The border between juvenile justice and criminal justice did not endure the juvenile court’s first century. By the 1980s, there was general disappointment with both the means and the ends of normal juvenile justice. As with every other social repair efforts, it is difficult to say whether frustration with juvenile justice was born of erroneous concept or of wretched execution. The administering accepted by justice policy, however, was unmistakable. Juvenile courts began to adopt the sentiment andRead MoreJuvenile System vs Adult System609 Words   |  3 PagesMy thoughts on this subject are pretty limited in reference to the similarities and differences between the juvenile and adult justice systems. What I have known is that in Colorado anyone under the age of 18 is considered a juvenile and if they commit a crime and if they are charged they go to a juvenile facility. Depending on the seriousness of the charge determines if they would be held or released to their parents. I believe their parents must be notified and present when they are advised ofRead More French and American Criminal Justice Systems Essay1169 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Criminal Justice Systems There many different criminal justice systems in the world today. Some that consists of many of the same policies and some that are considerably different. In the case of France and the U.S. there are a lot of similarities, but I will be focusing on the differences between each of their systems. The aspects that I will be comparing are police, courts, the legal profession, legal education, criminal procedural law, corrections, and juvenile justice and the advantagesRead MoreJuvenile Justice And Its Effects On Society1722 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile justice is compared in chapter thirteen. In the nineteenth century, there was an increased number of children at risk and chronic poverty. This overall was a general concern because there was an increase of people in the â€Å"dangerous classes†. There was a child saving movement, in which the poor children represented a threat to the moral fabric of society. The nineteenth century was a time where they had a house of refuge. In this house of refuge, they had a society for the prevention of pauperism

Melencolia I Free Essays

Finkelstein’s â€Å"The relativity of Albrecht Dà ¼rer† offers an intensely scientific, geometric, linguistic and analytical interpretation of the engraving Melencolia I. With the help of research done earlier by such scholars as Erwin Panofsky and Frances Yates, Finkelstein explores the hidden dimensions of a piece of artwork and uncovers ideas that had before hardly been considered. Drawing on the fact that Dà ¼rer was a mathematician as well as an artist, Finkelstein makes several predictions about the content of the work and systematically offers rather logical progressions that identify the predictions as plausible. We will write a custom essay sample on Melencolia I or any similar topic only for you Order Now He makes one disclaimer: â€Å"We do not look for deep philosophical secrets in this engraving as much as for insights into Dà ¼rer’smind and times† (2005, p. 4). This demonstrates Finkelstein’s knowledge that his analysis of the work of a dead artist can amount only to very convincing conjecture. He is cognizant that such a work can offer only insight rather than uncovering of secrets that can be said to have been definitively hidden by the artist. The insight apparently gained by Finkelstein is itself manifold, but primarily demonstrates the idea of relativism within this art by denoting the importance of perspective to an artist and especially to one who was also as much a scientist as Dà ¼rer. Secondarily, Finkelstein sets out to identify the Melencolia I as a portrait of the Dà ¼rer family. Finkelstein does find a great deal of cogent evidence indicating that Dà ¼rer indeed intended meaning beyond the mere surface of the etching. The mysterious aspect of the work, he reveals, is explained by the necessity during that time to be secretive in displaying anything that had to do with the â€Å"new† sciences or with hermetics. Within the image of the polyhedron Finkelstein notes the presence of two faces. These are hidden from immediate view, and the presence of hidden faces in other works by Dà ¼rer indicates that this vision is not imagination. The visions are of a woman and man, and closely fit the images of previous works done by Dà ¼rer of his father and mother. The significance of his parents in an etching ostensibly about melancholy appears odd, yet an even more obscure hidden figure found by Finkelstein points to Dà ¼rer himself. These three figures together appear to make Melencolia I the bearer of a family portrait. The idea of Dà ¼rer’s family being a large part of the subject matter of the work is revealed again in the presence of two rebuses in the Dà ¼rer coat-of-arms and another in the engraving itself. The initials A.D. appear under the year 1514—which seems to be a play on the Anno Domini interpretation of that initialism. The Durer coat-of-arms is itself an overt reference to his family and it contains at its centre a picture of an open gate sitting on a cloud. Cross-referencing between the Latin root for burin (a chisel and a figure seen in the coat-of-arms) uncovers a connection between the ideas â€Å"I chisel† and â€Å"heaven.† Finkelstein reads this (along with the picture of the open gates) as Limen Caelo or â€Å"gateway to heaven† (2005, p. 8). This nomenclature is connected to his families name via some linguistic changes that render Dà ¼rer a German representation of door or gate. Further investigation leads to the interpretation of a magic square (which can be seen in the engraving) as a further reference to a member of the Dà ¼rer family, namely the artist himself. Finkelstein relies on the phenomenon of the Greek alphabet that renders to each letter a corresponding number. The name Albrecht Dà ¼rer contains letters (numbers) that sum to 135, whereas the magic square contains numbers that sum to 136. This, Finkelstein notices, might be taken to mean 135 + 1—with the numeral 1 being in reference to God (not an unusual reference at the time). Upon looking further at the magic square, the numeral 1 does seem set off from the others by being unquestionably larger. Other messages are uncovered in this work by Finkelstein. He uncovers meanings in the images of the bat, the putto (cherub), the angel, the ladder et cetera. One striking message is in the title of the piece itself—which seems to refer to melancholy, yet spells the word incorrectly in every known language. Previous study of the bat done by Finkelstein had discredited any idea that Dà ¼rer considered melancholy a worthy topic—and it might be seen that the â€Å"gates of heaven† ideas uncovered before are far from melancholy. Finkelstein considers â€Å"melencolia† to be an anagram for Limen Caelo, and this can be easily verified. The research paper points out very detailed aspects of Melencolia I that indicate it indeed possible that the work is a portrait of the Dà ¼rer family. The fact that the idea of the bat can be turned to mean that Albrecht Dà ¼rer discredits melancholy proves to be a small and negligible idea. However, when coupled with Finkelstein’s other numerological and linguistic manipulations, the evidence seems alarmingly convincing. It seems hardly likely that a magic square that has been concocted to add to 34 would also spontaneously find all its numbers adding to 135 + 1. However, two questions arise: How could Dà ¼rer have made such a square fulfil so many requirements at once? What could the number 34 mean? Finkelstein does not address the meaning of 34—an omission that serves somewhat to undermine his work’s accuracy, as it demonstrates a lack of thoroughness. However, his position might be restored if it is considered that perhaps 34 actually means nothing at all and that the numbers of Jupiter’s Table were manipulated specifically and solely for the purpose of coming up with the 135 + 1 total on Dà ¼rer’s Table. These ideas render believable again the ideas presented by Finkelstein that the etching represents Dà ¼rer’s family portrait. Finkelstein also asserts the theory that Dà ¼rer’s etching is a symbolic reference to relativism. First Finkelstein establishes the relativistic condition that his own perspective of viewing the piece had changed, as he no longer sees it as an expression of melancholy. Finkelstein then demonstrates that his perspective does render the meaning of the painting as malleable as speed does time. The fact that Finkelstein is able to attach such an impressively argued alternate interpretation of the piece is a strong point in favour of the idea of relativism. For example, he analyses the angel within the engraving, and this analysis does well at undergirding the idea of relativity. Though many before have taken the serious countenance of the angel to mean that she represents melancholy, Finkelstein’s scrutiny points out (among other things) that the angle at which the angels eyes are inclined indicates that her own â€Å"perspective† does not lead her toward melancholic thoughts. Nor can her melancholy be considered the creative type, Finkelstein continues, as she is not involved in any creative activity. Rather, her eyes lead toward the realm of the heavens—focused on nothing within the frame itself, but beyond. Finkelstein’s analysis seems plausible, and again this is especially true because of his earlier discovery of multiple references to the gateway of heaven. It is also quite noteworthy that the angel is looking out (that is, appears contemplative rather than sad). References to the contemporary division of â€Å"the world under God into three concentric spheres, roughly Terrestrial, Celestial, and Intellectual,† as well as to three spheres of thought, unites contemplation with the heavens (Finkelstein, 2005, p. 10). Therefore, Finkelstein sets the stage for making a convincing case for the angel to be contemplative rather than depressed. However, Finkelstein’s position that the angel could not be experiencing creative melancholy seems a little precarious. He bases it on an assumption that she is far from her creative tools—yet she does seem to be holding something that could be a pencil or other writing apparatus. Plus, execution of art cannot be the only stage in which creativity takes place, as the thoughts that give rise to this execution are perhaps the nuclei of such artistic creativity. Therefore, despite the angle of her eyes, the angel could very well still be in a creatively melancholic mood. Finkelstein emphasises polymorphism also as evidence of relativity within Dà ¼rer’s work. He shows this polymorphism to be evident in many of the images within the piece, and brings out their alternative meaning through connections to physics. The images of the potto and the angel, for instance, flank the image of a scale. This instrument touches each lightly with apparently the same amount of force and is balanced between them. The potto might represent the artisan (mere craftsman) whose works is corporeal, and the angel represent the artistic or heavenly quality of the artist. In pointing out that the scale touches them equally, Finkelstein identifies the idea that the physical and intellectual aspects of art are equal. However, he makes the point more strongly in his reference to the works of other artists, researchers, and scientists of the past. These works strengthen his own by asserting also â€Å"a balance between the worlds above and below, the Intellectual and Terrestrial spheres represented by the angel and the putto† (Finkelstein, 2005, p. 16). Then Finkelstein caps this idea with a reference to earlier interpretations of the equation e = mc2, which likens energy to the â€Å"immaterial realm of forces† while mass represents â€Å"the material realm of bodies† (Finkelstein, 2005, p. 16). Though the paper was extremely well researched, a few areas exist in which it might have been more convincing. The explanation of the meaning of the magic square might have included an acknowledgement of the areas in which the author had no interpretation for some of its variables. This is especially true for the number 34, which does represent the most important number of that particular magic square, according to the established method for interpreting such a square. Other parts of the interpretations appear to be very far-fetched and exaggerated, such as the existence of facial images in the polyhedron, which I have not been able to see. Another reference is to a nebulous union of the Star of David (seen within the polyhedron) and Dà ¼rer’s supposed incorporation of a Jewish theme. Why Finkelstein includes this is unclear, as any connection between the star and Jews would be (as he admits) anachronistic. Plus, the significance of Judaism to the painting is not made very clear. It would perhaps have been better to have omitted this or to have made the connections clearer. David R. Finkelstein’s critique and interpretation of Dà ¼rer’s Melencolia I does present a very cogent (albeit philosophical) view of the etching as a representation of art’s relativity. Even if Finkelstein has not succeeded in proving conclusively that Durer’s intention was to portray this idea, the methods and approaches that Finkelstein uses to interpret the engraving strongly corroborate this idea. He does succeed in demonstrating that the etchings might be viewed as a portrait of the Dà ¼rer family, and his other efforts (in which he utilizes scientific, linguistic, and other analytical devices) at interpreting the different images within the whole work help to make Finkelstein’s critique an interesting and convincing one. Despite this, he does present some far-fetched theories that serve to undermine the cogency (and indeed the scientific reliability) of his argument. However, considering the subject matter (art), what Finkelstein does accomplish is impressive. Reference Finkelstein, David R. (2005). The Relativity of Albrecht Dà ¼rer. School of Physics, Georgia   Institute of Technology. Atlanta. How to cite Melencolia I, Essay examples

An Australian Doing Business in Japan-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Prepare a formal analytical essay on Japanese Business Etiquette and steps that Emily can use to make a favourable first impression when she visits Japan to meet with Mr. Hamasaki. Answer: An Australian Doing business in Japan: The Particular Business Etiquettes It is really tough to do business in Japan being a foreigner or outsider and the issue becomes more critical when it comes to first business meeting or the presentation of the proposal. As the business etiquettes of Australia and Japan hugely differ from each other, an entrepreneur needs to thoroughly assess the cultural peculiarities embedded in the business etiquettes of Japan so that he/she can properly approach an investor and set up a business successfully (Chaney and Martin, 2011). In this manner, the current paper attempts to evaluate the cultural features in the business etiquettes of Japan so than an entrepreneur might have an insight into what should be done in order to accomplish the desired target. Working together and opening a business in Japan can be befuddling, baffling and unsuccessful without understanding Japanese business culture and the essential business decorum in Japan (Shelley, 1993). The field of business in Japan may appear to be much the same as a different universe. The structure that represents relationship-building, traditions, business behavior and the amusement scene contrasts extraordinarily to the societies of west, middle-east, and Asia (Dunn, 2011). There is a horde of traps into which an unwitting business expert can fall that will disrupt their Japanese partner. As far as the business etiquettes are concerned, The Japanese are to a great degree neighborly and put significance on regard and social status. One might be showered with expand compliments while his/her host stays humble and plays down their accomplishments. Australians who demonstrate unobtrusiveness will be very much respected by Japanese individuals. Whereas the business related conferenc es amid the daylight may appear to be moderate and regularly avoiding key issues, evening time drinking and suppers are frequently the time when more valuable data is bolstered back to the venturer or entrepreneur (Dunn, 2013). The Japanese compare being aberrant with being gracious, so beginning a conference with 'casual discussion' will get the meeting off to a decent begin. Australians can misjudge this backhandedness and decipher it as uncertainty or non-responsibility from the Japanese side. In such circumstances, it pays to be persistent. Timeliness is an unquestionable requirement and it is regular to touch base at a meeting with ample time in hand before the delegated time; if an individual is running late, it is considerate to call ahead to inform the surmised time regarding landing (Eckard Marchiori, E. Carraher and Stiles, 2014). All arrangements ought to be organized with organizations preceding your landing. It is improper to take companions, life partners or kids to co nferences and it is likewise not normal for mates to be welcomed out for business meals. Conferences perpetually start with the trading of business cards and are given and got in the two hands and laid deferentially on the table. The cards should be kept in the briefcase instead of the pockets of pants. On the off chance that time and circumstance permit, one must have his/her business cards printed with the person's name and organization name in Japanese, yet not the place of work as this is useless (Okoro, 2012). One ought to likewise remember the seating courses of action that are utilized as a part of formal conferences. The most vital visitor sits farthest from the entryway and the host sits nearest to the entryway. If all else fails, one should hold up to be situated or ask where he/she ought to sit. Additionally, blessings are a bit much and it is unseemly to offer costly endowments, especially on first gatherings (Reynolds and Valentine, 2011). Little blessings, for example, organization pens, can be exhibited once the business is prepared to initiate or has started. It is for the most part thought to be inconsiderate to open blessings before the provider. Japanese individuals additionally make a decent attempt to keep away from open clash thus may answer equivocally or even consent to an offer that they have no goal of tolerating. One beneficial method for taking care of this issue is to set up a brief, however clear reminder depicting the circumstance and commitments of the two gatherings and present it as a record of the meeting (Dunn, 2011). This will test the Japanese side's position on the issue as they will be compelled to react. The application of Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory suggests that cross-cultural communication depends heavily upon the understanding of cultural value and perspectives of a culture with which an individual intends to connect (Hofstede, 2011). It also suggests that the social norms and beliefs dictate the cultural values which are embedded in various fields of the society including trades and business (Rinuastuti et al., 2014). In this manner, one should always remember that an Australian must be aware of the Japanese business etiquettes in order to mitigate the cross-cultural disadvantages. The cultural and perspectives practices associated with doing business in Japan contrast from the Australian business culture. As one begins or extends his/her business in Japan, having a comprehension of Japanese business manners is essential to make the coveted progress (Dunn, 2013). Knowing and rehearsing normal traditions will likewise enable a person to unwind, to keep away from shame, and concentrate on the current issues on basic events. One ought to abstain from shaking hands on the initial meeting. It is especially an Australian practice to snatch the partner's hand and offer a healthy hand-shake. Japanese representatives will just once in a while shake hands (Eckard Marchiori, E. Carraher and Stiles, 2014). Japanese business manners keep away from physical contact out and out. Moreover, it is also important to produce business in the bi-lingual format in which one language ought to be Japanese. Besides, one ought to be very much arranged ahead of time of the gatherings. The Japanese hosts will undoubtedly know the business person and his/her business great. In this way, the concerned individual ought to have a point by point suggestion of the estimation of his/her organization and item; the business partners will likewise have one for him/her (Okoro, 2012). Japanese organizations frequently meet with various remote organizations trying to set up connections; if an individual can't catch their consideration at the initial meeting, he/she will most likely be unable to secure development. Subsequently, the individual ought to guarantee that he/she has arranged the substance for the meeting. Timeliness is basic in Japanese conferences. Gatherings once in a while keep running after some time as the members are regularly extremely occupied and won't be set up to be late for their next meeting (Dunn, 2011). Note taking amid a meeting is a decent Japanese business decorum. Besides the down to earth significance of note taking, it is a show of regard to the Japanese partners as the business person must esteem what they saying (Okoro, 2012). Moreover, one should ensure that he/she knows the dialect abilities of the hosts or visitors before the meeting. It is more helpful and dependable for the business visionary to have his/her own particular translation if the hosts don't communicate in English or have minimal English capacity. Australian Multi Lingual Services can help those people with the arrangement of gifted English talking mediators in Japan. Nonetheless, if a meeting is led in English, one ought to make sure to talk plainly and keep away from Australian colloquial articulations and jokes. Furthermore, the knowledge of the local and global presence of the Japanese companies would eventually help an entrepreneur to collect data, assess them, and impress the businessmen by providing them some stunning perspectives on the business. The paper has thoroughly discussed the Japanese business etiquettes and how the Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory connects the Australian business culture with the Japanese culture. It has been found that there are vast differences among these diverse business cultures. There are certain etiquettes and conducts which an individual needs to focus on if one needs to open a business in Japan. In this regard, some specific etiquettes have been pointed out so that a concerned individual properly understand what should be done and what should be avoided in order to make an impression at the very first business meeting References Chaney, L. H., Martin, J. S. (2011). Intercultural business communication (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall. Dunn, C. (2011). Formal forms or verbal strategies? Politeness theory and Japanese business etiquette training.Journal of Pragmatics, 43(15), pp.3643-3654. Dunn, C. (2013). Speaking politely, kindly, and beautifully: Ideologies of politeness in Japanese business etiquette training.Multilingua, 32(2), pp.225-245. Eckard Marchiori, B., E. Carraher, C. and Stiles, K. (2014). Understanding and overcoming business etiquette differences in Japan, Turkey, and the United States of America.Journal of Technology Management in China, 9(3), pp.274-288. Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context.Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1), pp.1-26. Khan, Y. (2010). Tips on Doing Business in Japan. Global Business Languages, 2, 186-196. Okoro, E. (2012). Cross-Cultural Etiquette and Communication in Global Business: Toward a Strategic Framework for Managing Corporate Expansion.International Journal of Business and Management, 7(16), pp.130-138. Reynolds, S., Valentine, D. (2011). Guide to Cross-Cultural Communication (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall publishing. Rinuastuti, H., Hadiwidjojo, D., Rohman, F. and Khusniyah, N. (2014). Measuring Hofstedes Five Cultural Dimensions at Individual Level and Its Application to Researchers in Tourists Behaviors.International Business Research, 7(12), pp.143-152. Shelley, R. )1993). Culture Shock! Japan. Portland: Graphic Arts Center Publishing.